Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet PDF CBSE: Chapter-wise Quick Revision Guide

Class 12 Physics: Revision Sheet Guide

The Class 12 Physics CBSE syllabus is highly conceptual, requiring a balance between derivation practice and numerical calculations. To score 95%+ in your board exams, you must have all key formulas and physical constants clear in your mind. This chapter-wise formula sheet acts as a quick revision guide for your daily study routine.

Key Formulas Chapter-Wise

• Electrostatics:
  Coulomb's Force: F = q1*q2 / (4 * pi * epsilon_0 * r^2)
  Electric Potential: V = W/q = q / (4 * pi * epsilon_0 * r)
  Parallel Plate Capacitance: C = epsilon_0 * A / d
• Current Electricity:
  Drift Velocity: v_d = e * E * tau / m
  Resistance Relation: R = rho * l / A
  Power Dissipation: P = I^2 * R = V^2 / R
• Wave and Ray Optics:
  Lens Formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
  Lens Maker's Formula: 1/f = (n - 1) * (1/R1 - 1/R2)
  Refractive Index: n = c / v
• Modern Physics:
  Photoelectric Energy: K_max = h * nu - phi_0
  De Broglie Relationship: lambda = h / p

Key Physical Constants (भौतिक नियतांक)

Utilize Our Interactive Study Tools

Understanding derivations requires step-by-step review. Use our free YouTube Notes Maker to write clean, timestamped notes as you watch lectures. Also, check your understanding by attempting our Class 12 physics mock exams.

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3. Alternating Current (AC) — Key Formulas

AC circuits carry 8–10 marks in CBSE Class 12 Physics and 4–5 questions in JEE Mains. Master these formulas:

• Instantaneous Values: V = V₀ sin(ωt), I = I₀ sin(ωt + φ)
• RMS Values: V_rms = V₀/√2, I_rms = I₀/√2
• Reactances: Inductive: X_L = ωL = 2πfL. Capacitive: X_C = 1/(ωC) = 1/(2πfC)
• Impedance (Z): Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²)
• Phase Angle: tan φ = (X_L - X_C)/R
• Resonance Condition: X_L = X_C → ω₀ = 1/√(LC) → f₀ = 1/(2π√(LC)). At resonance: Z = R (minimum impedance), current is maximum.
• Power in AC Circuit: P = V_rms × I_rms × cos φ. Power factor: cos φ = R/Z. For pure inductor/capacitor: cos φ = 0 → Power = 0 (no energy consumed).
• Transformer: V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p = I_p/I_s. Efficiency: η = (V_s × I_s)/(V_p × I_p) × 100%

4. Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) — Complete Formula Set

• Faraday's Laws: EMF (ε) = -dΦ/dt. For N turns: ε = -N × dΦ/dt
• Motional EMF: ε = Blv (conductor of length l moving with velocity v in field B)
• Self Inductance: ε = -L × dI/dt. Energy stored: U = ½LI²
• Mutual Inductance: ε₂ = -M × dI₁/dt
• Lenz's Law: Induced current always opposes the change in magnetic flux that caused it (negative sign in Faraday's equation).
• AC Generator: ε = NBAω sin(ωt) = ε₀ sin(ωt) where ε₀ = NBAω

5. Logic Gates — Truth Tables (Class 12 + JEE)

• Universal Gates Fact: Any logic circuit can be built using only NAND gates or only NOR gates. This is why they are called Universal Gates — a popular CBSE 1-mark and JEE objective question.

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Conclusion

Print this formula sheet and keep it at your study desk. Master AC impedance formulas (especially resonance condition), EMI laws (Faraday + Lenz + Motional EMF), and all 7 logic gate truth tables. Practice at least three derivations and five numericals from PYQs every week to achieve 95%+ in Class 12 Physics.